Exploring Iraqi EFL Learners` Perceptions of Online Learning

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor of Applied Linguistics, Razi Universityersity

2 Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Online learning has enabled students from different geographical areas to engage with academic institutions and other students online, and to learn at their own pace while working toward a degree or certificate. Therefore, it is important to check whether online learning meets students` educational expectations. The main aim of this descriptive study is to examine the perceptions of EFL students toward online classes in Iraq. In so doing, it focuses on the views of Southern Iraqi students because their conservative environment has limited their access to online learning until recently. The researchers used an adapted questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to investigate EFL learners` perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of online learning and to determine their challenges in online learning. The findings of this study could motivate EFL practitioners to understand the factors that facilitate or impede conducting online courses in South of Iraq. Also, it can add an insightful understanding of the existing literature on the application of technology and the use of online classes among Southern Iraqi students learning English as a foreign language.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Abdul, M. R. (2003). The Experience of the E-Learning Implementation at the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia. KarimMalaysian Online Journal of instructional Technology, 50-59.
Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online Learning Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Students
Perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 2, 45-51. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.%202020261309
Ahmadi, D., & Reza, M. (2018). The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review. International Journal of Research in English Education, 3, 115-125.
https://doi.org/10.29252/ijree.3.2.115
Aljohani, M. S. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on
the general population of Saudi Arabia. Compr.Psychiatry.
Almahasees, Z., Mohsen, K., and Amin, M. O. (2021). Faculty’s and students’ perceptions of
online learning during COVID-19. Frontiers in Education.
Al-Nofaie, H. (2020). Saudi university students’ perceptions towards virtual education during Covid-19 pandemic: A case study of language learning via Blackboard. Arab World English Journal, 11(3), 4-20. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no3.1
Ali, G. E., & Magalhaes, R. (2008). Barriers to implementing e-learning: a Kuwaiti case study. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(1), 36–54.
Al-Samiri, R. A. (2021). English Language Teaching in Saudi Arabia in Response to the
            COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Positive Outcomes. Arab World English Journal
(AWEJ) Special Issue on Covid 19 Challenges, (1) 147-158.
https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/covid.11
Altunay, D. (2019). EFL Students’ Views on Distance English Language Learning in a
Public University in Turkey. Studies in English Language Teaching.
https://doi.org/10.22158/selt. v7n1p121.
Akhter,T. (2020). “Problems and challenges faced by EFL students of Saudi Arabia during
COVID-19 pandemic,” Rupkatha Journalon Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 12(5), 1–6.
Arkorful, V. and Abaidoo, N. (2014) The Role of e-Learning, the Advantages and Disadvantages of Its Adoption in Higher Education. International Journal of Education and Research, 2, 397-410.
Barzani, S. H. H. (2021). Students’ perceptions towards online education during COVID-19 pandemic: An empirical study. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 8(2), 28-38.
Bin Dahmash, N. (2020). ‘I couldn’t join the session’: benefits and challenges of blended learning amid COVID-19 from EFL students. International Journal of English Linguistics, 10(5), 221-230. DOI:10.5539/ijel.v10n5p22.
Bowers, J., & Kumar, P. (2015). Students’ perceptions of teaching and social presence: A comparative analysis of face-to-face and online learning environments. International Journal of Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies, 10(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijwltt.2015010103 
Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. In A. Tashakkori, & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research (pp. 209–240). Sage.
Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Farrah, M. & Al-Bakry, G. H. (2020). Online learning for EFL students in Pa lestinian universities during Corona pandemic: Advantages, challenges and solutions. Indonesian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 3(2), 65-78. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25134/ijli.v3i2.3677
Fry, K. (2001). ELearning Markets and Providers: some issues and prospects. Training and
Education, 43(4), 233-239.
Ellis, R. A., & Bliuc, A.-M. (2019). Exploring new elements of the student approaches to learning
framework: The role of online learning technologies in student learning. Active Learning in Higher Education, 20(1), 11–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787417721384.
Halili, S. H. (2009). Students ‘ perception to integrate education. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València.
Hasan, J. (2007). Online Learning . International education and reasearch journal, 32-38.
Kongchan, C. (2012). How a non-digital-native teacher makes use of Edmodo. In
International Conference: ICT for Language Learning, Florence.
Mackey, A. & S. Gass. (2005). Second language research: Methodology and design. New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Manowong, S. (2016). Undergraduate students’ perceptions of Edmodo as a supplementary
learning tool in an EFL classroom. Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 16(2), 137–160.
Nambiar, D. (2020). The impact of online learning during COVID-19: students’ and teachers’ perspective. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 783-793.
Peräkylä, A. (2005). Analyzing talk and text. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage
handbook of qualitative research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 695–727
Rahman, K. (2020). Learning amid crisis: EFL students’ perception on online learning during COVID-19 outbreak. ETERNAL, 6(2), 179-194.
Raja, R., & Nagasubramani, P. (2018). Impact of modern technology in education. Journal of Applied and Advanced Research, 33-35.
Rob, G. (2016). Techno-Resiliency in Education: A New Approach for Understanding Technology
in Education . Applied Linguistics , 111-122.
Simamora, R.M. (2020). The Challenges of Online Learning during the COVID-19
Pandemic: An Essay Analysis of Performing Arts Education Students. Journal of Studies
in Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 86-102.
Smart, K. L., & Cappel, J. J. (2006). Students’ perceptions of online learning: A comparative study. Journal of Information
Technology Education, 5(1), 201-219.
Soliman, N. A. (2014). Using E-learning to develop EFL students’ language skills and activate
their independent learning. English Department, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt. Creative Education, 2014 (5) 752 -757. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.510088.
Tanjung, F., & Utomo, A. (2021). Investigating EFL students’ perception on online learning a midest COVID-19 pandemic. IJIET, 5(1), 102-115. DOI:10.24071/ijiet.v5i1.305
Tanveer, M. (2011). Integrating e-learning in classroom-based language teaching: Perceptions, challenges and strategies. In International Conference “ICT for Language Learning” (pp. 23-28).
Volery, T. & Lord, D. (2000). Critical success factors in online education. The International Journal of Educational Management, 14(5), 216-223.
Westberry, N. C., (2009). An activity theory analysis of social epistemologies within tertiary
level learning environments, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/10289/4184/3/thesis.pdf
Yulia, H. (2020). Online Learning to Prevent the Spread of Pandemic Corona Virus in Indonesia. ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal). 11(1. (
You, J. W. & Kang, M. (2014) The role of academic emotions in the relationship between
perceived academic control and self-regulated learning in online learning. Computers &Education, 77,126-133.
Zakharia, Z. (2020). Private Engagement in Refugee Education and the Promise of Digital Humanitarianism. Oxford Review of Education , 313-330.